What Does a Computer Programmer Do?
A computer programmer writes and maintains the code that enables software applications and systems to function properly. They take specifications created by software engineers or system architects and convert them into functioning programs using languages like Python, Java, C++, or SQL. Programmers are responsible for writing efficient code, testing it for errors, and modifying it to accommodate changes in design or user requirements.
This role may involve building software from scratch, enhancing existing codebases, or writing scripts to automate business tasks. Computer programmers work closely with developers, analysts, and testers, contributing to the full software development lifecycle across a range of industries and platforms.
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Computer Programmer Core Responsibilities
- Write, test, and maintain code for software applications and systems
- Translate technical designs and business requirements into functioning programs
- Debug and troubleshoot code issues in development and production environments
- Update and expand existing software based on user or system requirements
- Collaborate with development teams, system analysts, and QA testers
- Maintain documentation for code, processes, and change management
- Participate in version control and code review processes
- Adapt software for new hardware platforms or performance enhancements
Required Skills and Qualifications
Hard skills
- Proficiency in programming languages (e.g., Python, Java, C++, JavaScript, or C#)
- Understanding of software development methodologies (e.g., Agile, Scrum)
- Familiarity with debugging tools, version control (e.g., Git), and IDEs
- Knowledge of databases, APIs, and basic software architecture principles
Soft skills
- Logical and structured thinking
- Strong attention to detail
- Ability to work independently and in teams
- Problem-solving and perseverance during debugging
Educational requirements
- Bachelor’s degree in computer science, software engineering, or a related field
Certifications
Not required, but certifications in programming languages, AWS, or Microsoft Development can enhance job prospects.
Preferred Qualifications
- Experience with modern development stacks (e.g., MEAN, LAMP, .NET)
- Exposure to DevOps tools or CI/CD pipelines
- Background in application security or cross-platform development
- Familiarity with cloud computing platforms like AWS, Azure, or GCP
National Average Salary
Computer programmer salaries vary by experience, industry, organization size, and geography. Click below to explore salaries by local market.
The average national salary for a Position is:
$123,456
Sample Job Description Templates for Computer Programmers
Entry-Level Computer Programmer
Position Overview
An entry-level computer programmer writes and tests basic code to support software applications. They assist senior developers in maintaining and updating existing codebases and learn how to work within version control and ticketing systems in a collaborative development environment.
Responsibilities
- Write simple, well-documented code based on predefined requirements
- Fix basic bugs and participate in troubleshooting under supervision
- Assist with testing and validation of application functionality
- Learn development tools such as Git, Jira, and code editors
- Collaborate with teammates during stand-ups, code reviews, and QA
Requirements
Hard skills
- Basic programming knowledge (e.g., Python, Java, C++, or JavaScript)
- Familiarity with debugging and IDE tools
- Understanding of data structures and algorithms
Soft skills
- Willingness to learn and accept feedback
- Attention to detail in following coding standards
- Time management and task ownership
- Strong communication with mentors and peers
Education
- Bachelor’s degree in computer science or related field, or equivalent training
Junior Programmer
Position Overview
A junior programmer contributes to new and existing software development projects by writing clean, maintainable code and assisting in system testing. They begin to work more independently and help build small-scale features or enhancements.
Responsibilities
- Develop and debug program modules based on assigned tasks
- Collaborate with developers and testers to deliver functional software
- Participate in code reviews and continuous integration workflows
- Write documentation for new features or components
- Track progress and submit work through ticketing systems (e.g., Jira)
Requirements
Hard skills
- Proficiency in one or more programming languages
- Familiarity with databases and API integration
- Experience using Git and command-line development tools
Soft skills
- Curiosity and ability to research technical solutions
- Good communication in cross-functional teams
- Ownership of assigned deliverables
- Willingness to adapt to new tools and frameworks
Education
- Bachelor’s degree required; coding bootcamp or internship experience is a plus
Senior Computer Programmer
Position Overview
A senior computer programmer designs and implements complex software systems, guides architecture decisions, and mentors junior developers. They lead code reviews, resolve difficult bugs, and take ownership of entire project modules.
Responsibilities
- Design, write, and maintain high-performance, scalable code
- Collaborate on system architecture and technical specifications
- Conduct detailed code reviews and enforce quality standards
- Debug and resolve critical production issues
- Guide and support junior team members through mentorship
- Participate in Agile ceremonies and cross-functional planning
Requirements
Hard skills
- Expertise in multiple programming languages and frameworks
- Experience with system architecture, APIs, and databases
- Knowledge of CI/CD, version control, and cloud deployment tools
Soft skills
- Strong technical leadership and mentoring ability
- Analytical thinking and architecture-level problem solving
- Clear, concise communication with technical and non-technical stakeholders
Education
- Bachelor’s degree required; master’s or technical certifications preferred
Lead Programmer
Position Overview
A lead programmer oversees technical direction for a development team, balancing hands-on coding with project planning and codebase oversight. They ensure best practices are followed, manage workloads, and align development work with product strategy.
Responsibilities
- Lead and manage the software development lifecycle for assigned projects
- Establish coding standards and enforce architectural consistency
- Collaborate with product managers to define project scope and priorities
- Guide code reviews, testing strategy, and deployment readiness
- Mentor team members and facilitate skill development
- Identify process improvements to enhance code quality and velocity
Requirements
Hard skills
- Advanced knowledge of application architecture and cloud environments
- Leadership in Git workflows, CI/CD pipelines, and DevOps practices
- Strong grasp of performance tuning and software scalability
Soft skills
- Project leadership and Agile sprint planning
- Strong decision-making and delegation
- Conflict resolution and technical coaching
- Business alignment and stakeholder communication
Education
- Bachelor’s degree required; relevant certifications or prior leadership roles preferred